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Military Inc.: Inside Pakistan’s Military Economy by Ayesha Siddiqa

Military Inc.: Inside Pakistan’s Military Economy by Ayesha Siddiqa

Rs. 299.00
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Military Inc.: Inside Pakistan’s Military Economy — Summary

Military Inc.: Inside Pakistan’s Military Economy by Ayesha Siddiqa is a political economy study that examines how the Pakistan military has developed a vast and influential economic empire alongside its traditional defense role. The book introduces the concept of “Milbus” (military business), defined as economic activities controlled by the armed forces that generate personal and institutional profit but are not officially recorded in the defense budget. Siddiqa argues that over decades, the military has expanded into industries such as real estate, manufacturing, agriculture, banking, and commercial services through welfare foundations and affiliated companies. This economic power, she suggests, has strengthened the military’s political dominance and reduced civilian oversight, creating what she describes as a “state within a state.” The book also explores how this military-controlled economy affects governance, accountability, and democratic development in Pakistan, concluding that economic power and political authority have become deeply intertwined in the country’s power structure.

 About the Author 

Ayesha Siddiqa is a Pakistani political scientist, defense analyst, and writer specializing in civil–military relations and security studies. She has worked as a researcher and consultant on military affairs and has contributed to international publications and policy discussions. Her work focuses on understanding the economic and political role of armed forces in Pakistan and South Asia. Military Inc. is her most influential book, bringing global attention to the concept of military-run economies and making her one of the prominent critical voices on Pakistan’s civil–military imbalance.

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